Soal reading TOEFL dan pembahasan kunci jawaban: Salinity
Soal reading TOEFL dan pembahasan kunci jawaban: Salinity
If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain,
by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that
the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in
coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus, salinity may be
increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation or decreased by the
addition of freshwater by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong,
the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world
where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where
rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is
associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen,
the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly
beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice
appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity
of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
(A) The elements of salt
(B) The bodies of water of the world
(C) The many forms of ocean life
(D) The salinity of ocean water
13. The word “this” in line 5 refers to
(A) ocean
(B) evaporation
(C) salinity
(D) crystals
14. According to the passage, the ocean generally has more salt in
(A) coastal areas
(B) tropical areas
(C) rainy areas
(D) turbulent areas
15. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity EXCEPT
(A) evaporation
(B) precipitation
(C) runoff
(D) melting
16. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body of water can best be inferred from the passage?
(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
17. The word “altered” in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) determined
(B) changed
(C) accumulated
(D) needed
18. The word “it” in line 19 refers to
(A) sea ice
(B) salinity
(C) seawater
(D) manner
19. Why does the author mention the Weddell Sea?
(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations
(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
(D) To point out the location of deep waters
20. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ocean ice?
(A) The salt remains in the water.
(B) The surrounding water sinks.
(C) Water salinity decreases.
(D) The water becomes denser.
21. What can be inferred about the water near the bottom of oceans?
(A) It is relatively warm.
(B) Its salinity is relatively high.
(C) It does not move.
(D) It evaporates quickly.
Pembahasan kunci jawaban
(A) The elements of salt
(B) The bodies of water of the world
(C) The many forms of ocean life
(D) The salinity of ocean water
`Salinity` sangat jelas disebutkan secara explicit di kalimat pertama di awal paragraf. Pilihan A, B, dan C tidak dibahas di kalimat pertama paragraf manapun.
(A) ocean
(B) evaporation
(C) salinity
(D) crystals
(A) coastal areas
(B) tropical areas
(C) rainy areas
(D) turbulent areas
Jawabannya di `Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher …`.
(A) evaporation
(B) precipitation
(C) runoff
(D) melting
Jawabannya di `salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation`. (Paragraph 2)
(A) The temperature of the water is the most important factor.
(B) The speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
(C) Ocean salinity has little effect on sea life.
(D) Various factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
Semua paragraph membahas tentang proses2/penyebab2 perbedaan kandungan garam dan air (salinity): subtraction, precipitation, & formation/melting of sea ice.
(A) determined
(B) changed
(C) accumulated
(D) needed
Kata `alter` -bermakna mengubah- termasuk biasa digunakan, wajib dihafal.
(A) sea ice
(B) salinity
(C) seawater
(D) manner
(A) To show that this body of water has salinity variations
(B) To compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
(C) To give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
(D) To point out the location of deep waters
Letak jawaban ada di `… this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water`.
(A) The salt remains in the water.
(B) The surrounding water sinks.
(C) Water salinity decreases.
(D) The water becomes denser.
Posisi jawabannya juga sama dengan nomor sebelumnya `… this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water`.
(A) It is relatively warm.
(B) Its salinity is relatively high.
(C) It does not move.
(D) It evaporates quickly.
Kunci jawaban bisa ditemui di `freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.`.
Semoga Soal reading TOEFL dan pembahasan kunci jawaban ini bisa membantu dalam persiapan tes TOEFL ITP.
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